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1 to
[tə], [tu]1. preposition1) towards; in the direction of:إلى، نَحْوَI went to the concert/lecture/play.
2) as far as:من البِدايَه إلى النِّهايَهHis story is a lie from beginning to end.
3) until:حَتّىDid you stay to the end of the concert?
4) sometimes used to introduce the indirect object of a verb:لِ، إلىYou're the only person I can talk to.
5) used in expressing various relations:Listen to me!
Did you reply to his letter?
Where's the key to this door?
تُسْتَعْمَل للتَّعْبير عن العُلاقَهHe sang to (the accompaniment of) his guitar.
6) into a particular state or condition:تُسْتَعْمَل للتَّعْبير عن حالَه مُعَيَّنَهShe tore the letter to pieces.
7) used in expressing comparison or proportion:تُسْتَعْمَل للتَّعْبير عن مُقارَنَه أو نِسْبَهWe won the match by 5 goals to 2.
تُسْتَعْمَل للتَّعْبير عن الهَدَف أو نَتيجَة العَمَلTo my horror, he took a gun out of his pocket.
9) [tə] used before an infinitive eg after various verbs and adjectives, or in other constructions:I want to go!
He worked hard to (= in order to) earn a lot of money
These buildings were designed to (= so as to) resist earthquakes
تُسْتَعْمَل قَبل صيغَة المَصْدَرI arrived too late to see him.
10) used instead of a complete infinitive:تُسْتَعْمَل بدلا من المَصْدَرHe asked her to stay but she didn't want to.
2. [tuː] adverb1) into a closed or almost closed position:الى حالَة الإقْفالHe pulled/pushed the door to.
2) used in phrasal verbs and compounds:تُسْتَعْمَل في الأفعال العِباريَّه والمُرَكَّبَهHe came to (= regained consciousness).
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2 would
[wud] short forms I'd [aɪd] you'd [juːd], he'd [hiːd], she'd [ʃiːd], it'd [ˈɪtəd], we'd [wiːd], they'd [ðeɪd]: negative short form wouldn't [ˈwudnt] verb1) past tense of will:I asked him to do it, but he wouldn't
سوفَ في الزَّمَن الماضيI thought you would have finished by now.
2) used in speaking of something that will, may or might happen (eg if a certain condition is met):If I asked her to the party, would she come?
في جَواب الشَّرط عندما يَكون فِعْل الشَّرط في الماضيI'd be happy to help you.
3) used to express a preference, opinion etc politely:تُسْتَعْمَل للتَّعْبير عن التَّفْضيل أو عن الرّأي المُهَذَّبI'd prefer to go tomorrow rather than today.
4) used, said with emphasis, to express annoyance:تُسْتَعْمَل للتَّوكيد للتَّعْبير عن الإنْزِعاجI've lost my car-keys – that would happen!
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3 ما (أداة نفي لم)
مَا (أداة نفي لَمْ) \ not: (often shortened in speech to n’t with the verbs be, can, dare, do, have, may, must, need, ought) a word that gives an opposite meaning to any word or sentence: He did not (or didn’t come).. \ مَا (التعجُّبيّة) \ what: expressing surprise or annoyance, etc.: What a big dog! What nasty medicine! What a shame!. \ مَا؟ \ what: (in questions) which thing: What do you want?, that which I do what I like. What I hate most is cruelty. \ مَا! \ how: (with an adj. or adv., to express surprise or other feelings): How clever you are!. \ مَا إِذا \ if: whether: I asked him if you were at home. whether: showing a question in reported speech, where there is a choice: I asked whether he liked it (or not). I don’t know whether he will agree or (whether he will) refuse. \ مَا الأمْر؟ \ be the matter: to be wrong; be causing trouble: What’s the matter (with you)? Are you feeling ill?. \ مَا بعدَ البَنَفْسَجيّ \ ultraviolet. \ _(field) Phys. \ مَا دَام \ so long as: if; provided that: I’ll go so long as you’ll go with me. as long as: (a) on condition that: You can take my key as long as you don’t lose it., (b) all the time that: I’ll remember you as long as I live. \ مَا دَام الأَمْرُ كذلك \ all right: also alright in that case: You don’t want it? All right, I’ll give it to someone else. then: in that case: Don’t you want it? Then I’ll give it to someone else. \ مَا رأيُك في \ how about?: what is your opinion of (a certain plan); would you like: How about a cup of coffee?. what about...?: what is your opinion of (a certain plan); how would you like: What about going for a swim?. \ مَا رأيُك في...؟ \ what about?: what is your opinion of (an idea?): What about that blue coat in the shop window? (Does it suit you? Would you like it?) What about a swim? (Shall we go for a swim?). \ مَا زَال \ still: up till now; up till then: Are you still unmarried? He was still in bed when I left home. \ مَا زَال قَويًّا \ going strong: continuing to be successful or healthy, etc.: My father is 82 years old, and still going strong. \ مَا شَكْلُهُ؟ \ what is it like?: please describe it. \ مَا عَدَا \ apart from: besides; except: Apart from that, he had little to say. but: except: Nobody laughed but me. except: leaving out; not including: I work every day except Sunday (or except on Sundays). other: (with than) except: We have nothing to read, other than school books. save: old use, except. \ مَا قَبْل \ pre-. \ مَا قَبْل الحرب \ pre-war: before the war (usu. meaning the World War of 1939-45): a pre-war car (made before the war). \ مَا قولُك في \ how about: what is your opinion of (a certain plan); how would you like: How about a cup of coffee?. what about...?: what is your opinion of (a certain plan); how would you like: What about going for a swim?. \ مَا قيمتُه أو ثَمنُه \ worth: a quality that is equal to a certain value: I bought a pound’s worth of fruit. \ مَا كاد... \ no sooner... than: as soon as: No sooner had I found the key than I lost it again (I lost it very soon after I had found it). \ مَا لَم \ unless: if not: You will fail unless you try harder. \ مَا مُجْمَلُه \ in all: altogether: We won six games in all. \ مَا مَجْمُوعُه \ in all: altogether: We won six games in all. \ مَا المَسْأَلة؟ \ be the matter: to be wrong; be causing trouble: What’s the matter (with you)? Are you feeling ill?. \ مَا مِن (أحد) \ no: not any: No other boy could have done it. \ مَا هو أَبْكَر وقت...؟ \ how soon?: in how much time: How soon can you start the work?. \ مَا وَراء \ trans-: across. \ مَا وراءَ الطبيعة \ metaphysics. \ مَا وَصْفُهُ؟ \ what is it like?: please describe it. \ مَا يُحبُّه الإنسان \ love: sb. or sth. that is loved: Football and fishing are his greatest loves. \ مَا يَخْتَارُه المَرْء \ pick: choice: Take your pick of those books. (Take whichever you wish). \ مَا يَخُصُّه تمامًا \ very own: completely one’s own; not shared in any way: If you want your very own horse you must pay for it yourself. \ مَا يَسْتَحِقّ \ due: the fair treatment that one deserves in spite of one’s faults: He failed. But to give him his due, he did try hard. \ مَا يَسُدّ حاجته \ pay one’s way: to earn enough for one’s needs; not get into debt. \ مَا يقرُب مِن \ close on: nearly: There were close on a hundred people at the meeting. \ مَا يلي \ following: that which is written or listed next: Please buy me the following: 2 pens, 3 pencils, some ink. -
4 rally
[ˈrælɪ]1. verb1) to come or bring together again:يَحْشِدThe troops rallied round the general.
2) to come or bring together for a joint action or effort:يَسْتَجْمِع قِواه، يَتَجَمَّعThe politician asked his supporters to rally to the cause.
3) to (cause to) recover health or strength:يَسْتَرِد صِحَّتَهShe rallied from her illness.
2. noun– plural ˈrallies1) a usually large gathering of people for some purpose:تَجَمُّع، إحْتِشادa Scouts' rally.
2) a meeting ( usually of cars or motorcycles) for a competition, race etc.سِباق سَيّارات3) an improvement in health after an illness.إسْتِرداد المَريض صِحَّتَه4) (in tennis etc ) a ( usually long) series of shots before the point is won or lost.تَبادُل مُسْتَمِر لضَرَبات الكُره -
5 motion
[ˈməuʃən]1. noun1) the act or state of moving:حَرَكَهHe lost the power of motion.
2) a single movement or gesture:حَرَكَة، إشارَهHe summoned the waiter with a motion of the hand.
3) a proposal put before a meeting:إقْتِراحShe was asked to speak against the motion in the debate.
2. verbto make a movement or sign eg directing a person or telling him to do something:يُحَرِّكHe motioned (to) her to come nearer.
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6 parenthesis
[pəˈrenθəsɪs] plural paˈrentheses [-siːz] noun1) a word or group of words within a sentence, which gives a comment etc and usually separates from the rest of the sentence by brackets, dashes etc:كَلِمَه أو جُمْلَة مُعْتَرِضَهI asked John (my friend John Smith) to come and see me.
2) a round bracket used to mark the seperate part of such a sentence.أقْواس حَول الكَلام -
7 report back
to come again and report (to someone); to send a report (to someone):يُعِدُّ تَقْريرا ويُقَدِّمهHe was asked to study the matter in detail and report back to the committee.
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8 rise
[raɪz] past tense rose [rouz]: past participle risen [ˈrɪzn]1. verb1) to become greater, larger, higher etc; to increase:If the river rises much more, there will be a flood
يَرْتَفِعHis spirits rose at the good news.
2) to move upwards:يَعْلو، يَرْتَفِع، يَتَصاعَدThe curtain rose to reveal an empty stage.
3) to get up from bed:يَنْهَضHe rises every morning at six o'clock.
4) to stand up:يَقِفThe children all rose when the headmaster came in.
5) (of the sun etc) to appear above the horizon:تُشْرِق الشَّمْسThe sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
6) to slope upwards:يَرْتَفِع، يَعْلوThe ground rises at this point.
7) to rebel:يَثورThe people rose (up) in revolt against the dictator.
8) to move to a higher rank, a more important position etc:يَتَرَقّىHe rose to the rank of colonel.
9) (of a river) to begin or appear:يَظْهَر، يبدأ بالظُّهورThe Rhône rises in the Alps.
10) (of wind) to begin; to become stronger:تَهُبُّ الرّيح، تَعلوDon't go out in the boat – the wind has risen.
11) to be built:يُبْنى، يَرْتَفِعOffice blocks are rising all over the town.
12) to come back to life:يُبْعَثُ حَيّاJesus has risen.
2. noun1) (the) act of rising:ارتِقاء، صُعودa rise in prices.
2) an increase in salary or wages:زيادَه في الرّاتِبShe asked her boss for a rise.
3) a slope or hill:مُنْحَدَرThe house is just beyond the next rise.
4) the beginning and early development of something:ظُهور، صُعودthe rise of the Roman Empire.
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9 take the stand
to come and sit in the witness box in order to testify:يَقِف في كُشْك الشّاهِدThe witness was asked to take the stand.
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10 أبى
أَبَى \ decline: to refuse: He declined my offer. He declined to come with me. refuse: to say "no" to (sb.) when one is asked to do sth., or when one is offered sth.: He refused to help. I begged him, but he still refused. He refused the money. reject: to refuse (an offer, a plan, etc.). spurn: to refuse as useless or bad; to kick away: They spurned our offer of friendship. \ See Also رفض (رَفَضَ)، أنف من (أَنِفَ مِن)، بإِباء وشَمَم -
11 أجرة
أُجْرَة \ fee: payment for a special skilled service: school fees; a doctor’s fee. charge: the amount of money asked for doing sth., for supplying sth., etc.: What is your charge for this work?. hire: the act of hiring: Is this boat for hire?. pay: money that is given for regular work or services: My son gets more pay than I do. rent: regular payment for the continuous use of a building or piece of land or television set, etc. The rent for this office is $50 a week. wage: rate of pay for a workman: an hourly wage; a daily wage. \ See Also رسم (رَسْم) \ أُجْرَة البَريد \ postage: the cost of posting sth.: What’s the postage on an air letter to Australia?. \ أُجْرَة السَّفَر \ fare: the cost of a journey: How much was the train fare? My fares come to $3 a week. -
12 حكم (على)
حَكَمَ (عَلَى) \ condemn: (of a judge) to order sb. to receive a certain punishment: He condemned the murderer to death. convict: (of a judge) to declare that sb. is guilty of a crime: The prisoner was convicted of murder. criticize: to judge, drawing attention to both good and bad points: The teacher asked us to criticize a poem. govern: to rule; control. judge: to examine facts about (sb. or sth.) and come to a decision; to consider (in court, in a competition, etc.): He judged the man (to be) guilty. They judged him (to be) the winner. I was invited to judge the cattle at the show. punish: to deal with (a crime, etc.) by punishing sb.: Your crimes will be punished by a year in prison. reign: to hold office as a king or queen: Queen Victoria reigned for 64 years. rule: to govern (a country); control: The British no longer rule India. Trade is ruled by the laws of supply and demand. sentence: (of a court) to name the punishment for (sb. who has been proved guilty): The judge sentenced him to two years in prison. \ See Also قضى (قَضَى)، نقد (نَقَدَ)، نظم (نَظَّمَ)، عَاتَبَ، أدار (أَدَارَ)، ملك (مَلَكَ) \ حَكَمَ (أَصْدَرَ حُكْمًا) \ rule: to give an official decision: The judge ruled that the prisoner was wrongly charged. \ حَكَمَ بِعَدَم أهْلِيَّتِه لِـ \ disqualify: to make sb. unfit to do sth.; say that sb. is unfit: His age disqualified him from taking the exam. After the accident, the court disqualified him from driving. \ حَكَمَ بِغَرامَةٍ \ fine: to make (sb.) pay money as a punishment: He was fined $15 for dangerous driving. -
13 دعا (إلى)
دَعَا (إلى) \ advocate: to speak in support or favour of (an idea, a course of action, etc.): Most doctors advocate regular exercise as a way of keeping healthy. ask: to invite: We asked him to dinner. call: to name or describe: My son is called Richard. She called me a fool, ask sb. to come Call the doctor. invite: to ask sb. politely (to be a guest, to do a favour, etc.): We invited him to dinner. They invited him to perform the ceremony. summon: to call officially: The headmaster summoned me to his office. \ دَعَا إلى حَفْلَةٍ \ entertain: to receive (sb.) as a guest: We entertained some friends to dinner. We’re too busy to entertain very often. -
14 دون (أقل من، تحت، ناقص)
دُونَ (أقلّ مِن، تحت، ناقِص) \ infra-, sub-, hypo-, under. \ بِدُون \ free from, free of: without: free from disease; free of cost. without: not with; not having: Without doubt, this is the best. I did it without his help. He took my bicycle without asking me. \ See Also دون (دُون) \ بِدُون \ after a fashion: not very well: He speaks English after a fashion. \ See Also دُون إِتْقَان \ بِدُون (غير معروف) \ nameless: not known by name: the work of a nameless 12th century writer. \ See Also دُون اسم \ بِدُون \ freely: readily: They freely accepted my advice. \ See Also دُون تَحَفُّظ \ بِدُون \ in bulk: in large amounts; not in separate containers: Ships carry oil in bulk. \ See Also دُون تَعبِئَة \ بِدُون (غَيْر رَسْمِيّ) \ informal: without ceremony or special dress: The prince paid an informal visit to the town. \ See Also دُون تَكلُّف \ بِدُون \ noiseless: making no noise; silent: a noiseless escape. quietly: silently; secretly: The prisoner was quietly planning his escape. \ See Also دُون ضَجَّة \ بِدُون \ without my knowledge: without my knowing: He drove my car without my knowledge. \ See Also دُون علمي \ بِدُون \ in vain: without success: He tried in vain to save her life. His efforts were in vain. \ See Also دُون فائدة \ بِدُون \ love: (in a game) no points: We won six love (usu. written 6-0). \ See Also دُون نُقَط \ دُونَ اسْتِثْناء \ single: (esp. with each and every) each one separately; each one, without exception: He comes here every single day. \ دُونَ إكْرَاه \ of one’s own accord: willingly; without having to be asked. \ دُونَ أن يَخْسَر شيئًا \ as well: (with may or might) without loss or bad effect: You may as well try, even if you don’t succeed. I might as well have watched the game on television (instead of watching it on the field and getting wet). \ دُونَ تَحَفُّظ \ outright: directly; at once: He was killed outright by a blow on the head. He told me outright that I was a liar. \ دُونَ تَحَيُّز \ fairly: (with a verb) justly: They were fairly treated. \ دُونَ تَذَمُّر أو اعْتِراض \ without a murmur: without the slightest complaint: He obeyed my orders without a murmur. \ دُونَ تَوَقُّف \ nonstop: without stopping: a nonstop flight across America; music played nonstop. \ دُونَ تَوَقُّف \ at a stretch: without stopping: I never drive for more than 4 hours at a stretch. \ دُونَ جَدْوَى \ for nothing: without any useful result: I had all that trouble for nothing. \ دُونَ سِنّ الرُّشد \ under age: too young: You can’t join the army as you’re under age. \ دُون شَكّ \ sure: (in special phrases) certainly: They told me he was up a tree, and sure enough there he was. to be sure: I agree: Yes, he’s small, to be sure; but he’s strong. without doubt: certainly. for sure: without doubt. \ دُونَ غَيْرِه \ alone: (after a noun or pronoun) and no other: You alone can help me. \ دُونَ اللُّجوء إلى \ without resort to: without turning to (sth. often bad) for help. \ دُونَ مُسَاعَدة \ on one’s own: by oneself; without help: I did this sum all on my own. \ دُونَ مُقَابِل \ free: not costing money: a free ticket. \ دُونَ شَكّ \ certainly: without doubt; of course: May he come? Certainly. -
15 رفض
رَفَضَ \ decline: to refuse: He declined my offer. He declined to come with me. refuse: to say "no" to (sb.) when one is asked to do sth., or when one is offered sth.: He refused to help. She refused him more food. I begged him, but he still refused. He refused the money. reject: to refuse (an offer, a plan, etc.). repulse: to refuse (a friendly offer). turn down: to refuse (an offer, etc.). \ رَفَضَ بإباء وشَمَم (رَفَضَ بازدِرَاء) \ spurn: to refuse as useless or bad; kick away: They spurned our offer of friendship. -
16 advocate
دَعَا (إلى) \ advocate: to speak in support or favour of (an idea, a course of action, etc.): Most doctors advocate regular exercise as a way of keeping healthy. ask: to invite: We asked him to dinner. call: to name or describe: My son is called Richard. She called me a fool, ask sb. to come Call the doctor. invite: to ask sb. politely (to be a guest, to do a favour, etc.): We invited him to dinner. They invited him to perform the ceremony. summon: to call officially: The headmaster summoned me to his office. -
17 ask
دَعَا (إلى) \ advocate: to speak in support or favour of (an idea, a course of action, etc.): Most doctors advocate regular exercise as a way of keeping healthy. ask: to invite: We asked him to dinner. call: to name or describe: My son is called Richard. She called me a fool, ask sb. to come Call the doctor. invite: to ask sb. politely (to be a guest, to do a favour, etc.): We invited him to dinner. They invited him to perform the ceremony. summon: to call officially: The headmaster summoned me to his office. -
18 call
دَعَا (إلى) \ advocate: to speak in support or favour of (an idea, a course of action, etc.): Most doctors advocate regular exercise as a way of keeping healthy. ask: to invite: We asked him to dinner. call: to name or describe: My son is called Richard. She called me a fool, ask sb. to come Call the doctor. invite: to ask sb. politely (to be a guest, to do a favour, etc.): We invited him to dinner. They invited him to perform the ceremony. summon: to call officially: The headmaster summoned me to his office. -
19 invite
دَعَا (إلى) \ advocate: to speak in support or favour of (an idea, a course of action, etc.): Most doctors advocate regular exercise as a way of keeping healthy. ask: to invite: We asked him to dinner. call: to name or describe: My son is called Richard. She called me a fool, ask sb. to come Call the doctor. invite: to ask sb. politely (to be a guest, to do a favour, etc.): We invited him to dinner. They invited him to perform the ceremony. summon: to call officially: The headmaster summoned me to his office. -
20 summon
دَعَا (إلى) \ advocate: to speak in support or favour of (an idea, a course of action, etc.): Most doctors advocate regular exercise as a way of keeping healthy. ask: to invite: We asked him to dinner. call: to name or describe: My son is called Richard. She called me a fool, ask sb. to come Call the doctor. invite: to ask sb. politely (to be a guest, to do a favour, etc.): We invited him to dinner. They invited him to perform the ceremony. summon: to call officially: The headmaster summoned me to his office.
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